人物犹太教活跃约前167–160Active c. 167–160 BCE
犹大·马加比Judas Maccabeus
马加比起义军事领袖；红献传统中的核心英雄。史学置其于塞琉古内战与犹大游击战语境。Military leader of the Maccabean revolt; hero of rededication tradition. History places him in Seleucid civil conflict and Judean guerrilla war.
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事件犹太教古代近东约前175–164（危机高峰约前167）c. 175–164 BCE (crisis peak c. 167)
希腊化危机与塞琉古迫害Hellenistic Crisis and Seleucid Persecution
安条克四世时期对耶路撒冷崇拜的冲击与希腊化张力。H 轨：帝国、城邦与祭司政治；T 轨：亵渎与殉道记忆。Antiochus IV's impact on Jerusalem cult and Hellenizing tensions. H-track: empire, polis, and priestly politics; T-track: desecration and martyrdom memory.
事件犹太教起义约前167 起；红献约前164；哈斯蒙尼国家化延至前1 世纪Revolt from c. 167; rededication c. 164; Hasmonean statehood into 1st c. BCE
马加比起义与哈斯蒙尼兴起Maccabean Revolt and Rise of the Hasmoneans
从游击反抗到独立王朝。H 轨：军事—外交与国家化；T 轨：洁净圣殿与自由的节期记忆（亦含王朝暴力的阴影）。From guerrilla resistance to independent dynasty. H-track: military-diplomacy and state formation; T-track: temple cleansing and freedom festival—plus later dynastic violence.