迁徙与传播路线犹太教约1492 起数十年From c. 1492 over decades
塞法迪离散示意（1492 后）Sephardi Diaspora Schematic (after 1492)
伊比利亚驱逐后向奥斯曼、北非、意大利等地的迁徙示意，非完整人口学地图。Schematic migrations after Iberian expulsions toward Ottoman lands, North Africa, Italy—not a full demographic atlas.