人物伊斯兰教卒于约619（传统）Died c. 619 (tradition)
赫蒂彻Khadija
先知之妻，早期支持者。H 轨：西拉传统中的麦加商业—家族语境；T 轨：首位信士与安抚叙事。Wife of the Prophet and early supporter. H-track: Meccan commercial-family context in sira; T-track: first believer and consolation narratives.
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人物
人物伊斯兰教传统约570–632；受召约610；迁徙622；卒632Tradition c. 570–632; call c. 610; Hijra 622; death 632
穆罕默德Muhammad
伊斯兰传统中的末位先知；H 轨：西拉批判、古兰语境与早期共同体领袖；T 轨：启示、圣行与全美典范。Final prophet in Islamic tradition. H-track: critical sira, Qur'anic context, early community leadership; T-track: revelation, sunna, perfect exemplar.
人物伊斯兰教哈里发约661–680Caliph c. 661–680
穆阿维叶Muawiya
倭马亚王朝奠基者。H 轨：叙利亚权力与王朝转向；T 轨：逊尼务实治理 vs 什叶篡权叙事。Founder of the Umayyad dynasty. H-track: Syrian power and dynastic turn; T-track: Sunni pragmatic rule vs Shi'i usurpation narrative.
人物犹太教基督教伊斯兰教跨传统共享传统置于约前二千纪；史学年代不可确指Tradition places in 2nd millennium BCE; historical dating uncertain
亚伯拉罕 / 易卜拉欣Abraham / Ibrahim
亚伯拉罕诸教共同尊崇的族长/先知人物。H 轨：族长叙事的文学—历史批判与考古限度；T 轨：立约、信心与一神叙事。Patriarch/prophet across Abrahamic faiths. H-track: literary-historical criticism and archaeological limits; T-track: covenant, trust, monotheistic narrative.
人物犹太教伊斯兰教基督教跨传统共享叙事内与以撒并行的谱系；史学不可确指Parallel genealogical line in story-time; historically unfixed
以实玛利 / 伊斯玛仪Ishmael / Isma'il
夏甲之子；犹太圣经叙事中的分支谱系，伊斯兰传统中的重要先知先祖。史学仍归族长文学与后来族群记忆。Son of Hagar; collateral line in Jewish biblical narrative; major ancestral prophet in Islamic tradition. History: patriarchal literature and later ethnic memory.
人物犹太教基督教跨传统共享叙事内第二代族长；史学不可确指Second-generation patriarch in story-time; historically unfixed
以撒Isaac
应许之子、雅各与以扫之父；叙事上承接亚伯拉罕之约。史学同样将其置于族长文学而非可独立验证传记。Child of promise and father of Jacob and Esau; narrative heir of Abrahamic covenant. History places him in patriarchal literature, not independent biography.
人物伊斯兰教约614–678c. 614–678 CE
阿伊莎Aisha
先知之妻，圣训与早期政治的重要人物。H 轨：圣训传述与内战角色；T 轨：逊尼尊崇与什叶批评分栏。Wife of the Prophet; major figure in hadith and early politics. H-track: hadith transmission and civil-war role; T-track: Sunni honor vs Shi'i critique—separate.
人物伊斯兰教哈里发约632–634Caliph c. 632–634
艾布·伯克尔Abu Bakr
首位哈里发（逊尼传统）。H 轨：赛基法与里达战争；T 轨：正统哈里发叙事（什叶评价不同）。First caliph in Sunni tradition. H-track: Saqifa and ridda wars; T-track: rightly guided narrative (Shi'i evaluation differs).
人物伊斯兰教哈里发约634–644Caliph c. 634–644
欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜Umar b. al-Khattab
第二任哈里发（逊尼传统）。H 轨：征服与行政；T 轨：公正与严厉的典范叙事。Second caliph in Sunni tradition. H-track: conquests and administration; T-track: justice and severity paradigm.
人物伊斯兰教哈里发约644–656Caliph c. 644–656
奥斯曼·本·阿凡Uthman b. Affan
第三任哈里发（逊尼传统）。H 轨：古兰定本传统与反对派；T 轨：正统与争议并存的记忆。Third caliph in Sunni tradition. H-track: Qur'an codex tradition and opposition; T-track: memory mixing orthodoxy and controversy.
人物伊斯兰教哈里发约656–661Caliph c. 656–661
阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜Ali b. Abi Talib
第四任哈里发（逊尼）；什叶第一伊玛目。H 轨：内战与合法性；T 轨：逊尼/什叶根本分流点。Fourth caliph (Sunni); first Imam (Shi'i). H-track: civil war and legitimacy; T-track: fundamental Sunni/Shi'i fork.
人物伊斯兰教约626–680c. 626–680 CE
侯赛因·本·阿里Husayn b. Ali
阿里之子、先知外孙；卡尔巴拉中心人物。什叶伊玛目谱系关键一环。Son of Ali, grandson of the Prophet; central figure of Karbala; key link in Shi'i imam lineage.
人物伊斯兰教在位786–809Reign 786–809
哈伦·赖世德Harun al-Rashid
阿拔斯盛期哈里发象征。H 轨：宫廷政治与巴格达；T 轨：传奇与智慧之家想象。Symbolic caliph of Abbasid high period. H-track: court politics and Baghdad; T-track: legend and House of Wisdom imagination.